Niyati

1. If the elctrostatic field created by the ligand point charges is isotropic(spherically symmterical), the enrgies of the d-orbitals will remain degenerate but will increase in energy uniformly. 2. IF, HOWEVER THE ELCTROSTATIC FIELD CREATED BY THE LIGAND IS OCTAHEDRAL, then the d-orbitals will split into two sets of degenerate energy, the t2g set and eg set. 3. t2g- stabilised(3-orbitals); eg- destabilised(2-orbbitals). 4. the energy separation between two split degenerate sets of orbitals is defined as crystal field splitting energy. 5. electrons occupy t2g set but the fourth electron has a choice to enter either t2g or eg set. although electron would enter a stabilised energy level, to do so would require additional energy to pair the electron with another electron in an already filled orbital. this additional energy is termed as the pairing energy, P.

  Fiction/Narrative Prose Books Pride and Prejudice  by Jane Austen (or any of Austen’s novels!) Wuthering Heights  by Emily Bronte Native Son  by Richard Wright The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes  by Arthur Conan Doyle The Pearl  by John Steinbeck (or any of Steinbeck’s novels!) The Joy Luck Club  by Amy Tan Dracula  by Bram Stoker Anna Karenina  by Leo Tolstoy Kite Runner  by Khaled Hosseini Never Let Me Go  by Kazuo Ishiguro  ( or  Remains of the Day) House of Mirth  by Edith Wharton Short Stories or Novellas Heart of Darkness  by Joseph Conrad The Awakening  by Kate Chopin “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman “The Dead” by James Joyce “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner “Interpreter of Maladies” by Jhumpa Lahiri “Winter Dreams” by F. Scott Fitzgerald “To Build a Fire” by Jack London Natural Science Books The Origin of Species  by Charles Darwin Hyperspace  by Michio Kaku Gravity in Reverse  by Neil DeGrasse Tyson A Brief History of Time  by Stephen Hawking Packing f

Q1) What conditions favour formation of a kinetic product? A thermodynamic product? Kinetic Products --> Kinetic products are favoured at low temperatures with low heat transfer. Thermodynamic Products --> Thermodynamic products are favoured at high temperatures with high heat transfer. Q2) On a reaction coordinate diagram, how would the kinetic pathway appear as compared to the thermodynamic pathway? Kinetic pathways require a smaller gain in free energy to reach the transition state. They also have a higher free energy of the products, with a smaller difference in free energy between the transition state and the products.